My research is in the discipline of higher education and focuses on university teacher beliefs, thinking and practices in relation to the use of educational technologies in teaching & learning. I am also interested in learning designs to support authentic learning approaches using new and emerging technologies such as Web 2.0/3.0 technologies, mobile technologies and 3D immersive environments.
Caroline Steel’s research is in the use of current and emerging educational technologies primarily in university and more recently as applied to the field of Technology-Enhanced Language Learning. She is President and Executive Member of ascilite (Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education). Her research into educational technologies draws on teacher and learner beliefs and affordance theories to investigate learner and teacher preferences and current uses of technology in education. She was lead researcher on a large multi-university research project that investigated the transitional experiences, motivational factors, technology preferences and uses of language students across 3 universities.
Caroline has worked in education-related fields for nearly 20 years as a language teacher, curriculum designer, university teacher educator and now research fellow. Caroline's PhD investigated university teachers' pedagogical beliefs, beliefs about web technologies and how these are enacted in practice. In her research she draws on a number of qualitative research approaches and methods including stimulated recall and concept mapping. Caroline teaches the Masters of Education course ‘Creating classrooms of the future with educational technology' and an undergraduate course in ‘Languages and Technology’.
Book Chapter: Enabling effective mobile language learning: students' perspectives, wants and needs
Steel, Caroline H. (2017). Enabling effective mobile language learning: students' perspectives, wants and needs. Mobile learning in higher education in the Asia-Pacific region. (pp. 523-539) edited by Angela Murphy, Helen Farley, Laurel Evelyn Dyson and Hazel Jones. Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4944-6_25
Journal Article: Language learner perspectives on the functionality and use of electronic language dictionaries
Levy, Mike and Steel, Caroline (2015). Language learner perspectives on the functionality and use of electronic language dictionaries. ReCALL, 27 (2), 177-196. doi: 10.1017/S095834401400038X
Conference Publication: Rhetoric and reality: critical perspectives on education in a 3D virtual world
Gregory, Sue, Gregory, Brent, Wood, Denise, Butler, Des, Pasfield-Neofitou, Sarah, Hearns, Merle, de Freitas, Sarah, Farley, Helen, Warren, Ian, Jacka, Lisa, Stokes-Thompson, Frederick, Cox, Robert, Crowther, Patricia, Atkins, Clare, McDonald, Marcus, Reiners, Torsten, Wood, Lincoln, Sim, Jenny, Grant, Scott, Campbell, Chris, Hillier, Mathew, Meredith, Grant, Steel, Caroline, Jegathesan, Jay Jay, Zagami, Jason, Sukunesan, Suku, Gaukrodger, Belma, Schutt, Stefan, Le Rossignol, Karen ... Wang, Xiangyu (2014). Rhetoric and reality: critical perspectives on education in a 3D virtual world. ascilite2014: Rhetoric and Reality, Dunedin, NZ, 23-26 November, 2014. Dunedin, NZ: ascilite: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education.
ResTeach 2010 0.2 FTE School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies
(2010–2013) UQ ResTeach
(2009–2010) UQ FirstLink Scheme
(2018) Doctor Philosophy
Developing intercultural competence with Web 2.0 technologies in an EFL context
(2016) Doctor Philosophy
Persistence: The Experiences of Successful Female Distance Learners in Higher Education in Botswana
(2016) Doctor Philosophy
University teachers' beliefs and practices: pedagogy and technology
Steel, Caroline (2012). University teachers' beliefs and practices: pedagogy and technology. Saarbruken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
Enabling effective mobile language learning: students' perspectives, wants and needs
Steel, Caroline H. (2017). Enabling effective mobile language learning: students' perspectives, wants and needs. Mobile learning in higher education in the Asia-Pacific region. (pp. 523-539) edited by Angela Murphy, Helen Farley, Laurel Evelyn Dyson and Hazel Jones. Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4944-6_25
Multiple sensorial media and presence in 3D environments
Farley, Helen and Steel, Caroline (2012). Multiple sensorial media and presence in 3D environments. Multiple Sensorial Media Advances and Applications: New Developments in MulSeMedia. (pp. 39-58) edited by George Ghinea, Frederic Andres and Stephen Gulliver. Hershey, PA, United States: Information Science Reference. doi: 10.4018/978-1-60960-821-7.ch002
Re-imagining teaching for technology - Enriched learning spaces: An academic development model
Steel, Caroline and Andrews, Trish (2012). Re-imagining teaching for technology - Enriched learning spaces: An academic development model. Physical and Virtual Learning Spaces in Higher Education: Concepts for the Modern Learning Environment. (pp. 242-265) edited by Mike Keppell, Kay Souter and Matthew Riddle. Hershey, PA, U.S.A.: Information Science Reference. doi: 10.4018/978-1-60960-114-0.ch015
Teaching online: Issues and challenges for on-campus and distance instruction
Steel, Caroline (2010). Teaching online: Issues and challenges for on-campus and distance instruction. An academic life: A handbook for new academics. (pp. 83-96) edited by Robert H. Cantwell and Jill J. Scevak. Camberwell, Vic., Australia: ACER Press.
van den Eynde, Julie, Newcombe, Peter and Steel, Caroline (2009). Responding to learners' need for choice: Flexible learning modes for creating and e-learning community. Flexible learning. (pp. 182-189) edited by B.V.S Prasad and G. Sushuma. Hyderabad, India: Icfai University Press.
Language learner perspectives on the functionality and use of electronic language dictionaries
Levy, Mike and Steel, Caroline (2015). Language learner perspectives on the functionality and use of electronic language dictionaries. ReCALL, 27 (2), 177-196. doi: 10.1017/S095834401400038X
Language students and their technologies: charting the evolution 2006-2011
Steel, Caroline H. and Levy, Mike (2013). Language students and their technologies: charting the evolution 2006-2011. ReCALL, 25 (3), 306-320. doi: 10.1017/S0958344013000128
Linking theory to practice in learning technology research
Gunn, Cathy and Steel, Caroline (2012). Linking theory to practice in learning technology research. Research in Learning Technologies, 20 (2) 16148, 16148.1-16148.14. doi: 10.3402/rlt.v20i0.16148
Doherty, Iain, Steel, Caroline and Parrish, Doninique (2012). The challenges and opportunities for professional societies in higher education in Australasia: A PEST analysis. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28 (1), 105-121. doi: 10.14742/ajet.886
Reconciling university teacher beliefs to create learning designs for LMS environments
Steel, C.H. (2009). Reconciling university teacher beliefs to create learning designs for LMS environments. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 25 (3), 399-420. doi: 10.14742/ajet.1142
Galea, Vic, Kelly, Greta and Steel, Caroline (2007, 05 07). The virtual plant pathology laboratory CD-ROM: an authentic learning environment designed to teach the principles of plant disease case management Ascilite Newsletter May 2007 Online Newsletter Overview
Stewart, T. M., MacIntyre, W. R., Galea, V. J. and Steel, C. H. (2007). Enhancing problem-based learning designs with a single e-learning scaffolding tool: Two case studies using Challenge FRAP. Interactive Learning Environments, 15 (1), 77-91. doi: 10.1080/10494820601058780
Steel, C. and Pitt, R. E. (2007). Learning For Life. Australian Law Management Journal, 2007 (Winter), 18-19.
Search for the woolly mammoth: A case study in inquiry-based learning
Powell, V. and Steel, C. H. (2003). Search for the woolly mammoth: A case study in inquiry-based learning. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 30 (3), 254-257. doi: 10.3138/jvme.30.3.254
Rhetoric and reality: critical perspectives on education in a 3D virtual world
Gregory, Sue, Gregory, Brent, Wood, Denise, Butler, Des, Pasfield-Neofitou, Sarah, Hearns, Merle, de Freitas, Sarah, Farley, Helen, Warren, Ian, Jacka, Lisa, Stokes-Thompson, Frederick, Cox, Robert, Crowther, Patricia, Atkins, Clare, McDonald, Marcus, Reiners, Torsten, Wood, Lincoln, Sim, Jenny, Grant, Scott, Campbell, Chris, Hillier, Mathew, Meredith, Grant, Steel, Caroline, Jegathesan, Jay Jay, Zagami, Jason, Sukunesan, Suku, Gaukrodger, Belma, Schutt, Stefan, Le Rossignol, Karen ... Wang, Xiangyu (2014). Rhetoric and reality: critical perspectives on education in a 3D virtual world. ascilite2014: Rhetoric and Reality, Dunedin, NZ, 23-26 November, 2014. Dunedin, NZ: ascilite: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education.
Gregory, Sue, Gregory, Brent, Reiners, Torsten, Fardinpour, Ali, Hillier, Mathew, Lee, Mark J. W., Jacka, Lisa, Butler, Des, Holloway, David, Grant, Scott, Hearns, Merle, Flintoff, Kim, Jegathesan, Jay Jay, Ellis, David, McDonald, Marcus, Stokes-Thompson, Frederick, Gaukrodger, Belma, Zagami, Jason, Campbell, Chris, Wang, Xiangyu, Garcia Salinas, Jamie, Loke, Swee-Kin, Scutter, Sheila, Newman, Christine, Gu, Ning, Schutt, Stefan, Farley, Helen, Bogdanovych, Anton, Trescak, Tomas ... Larson, Ian (2013). Virtual worlds in Australian and New Zealand higher education: remembering the past, understanding the present and imagining the future. Electric Dreams: 30th ascilite Conference, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, 1-4 December 2013. North Ryde, NSW, Australia: Macquarie University.
Fitting learning into life: language students’ perspectives on benefits of using mobile apps
Steel, Caroline (2012). Fitting learning into life: language students’ perspectives on benefits of using mobile apps. 29th Annual ascilite Conference 2012 (ascilite2012), Wellington, New Zealand, 25 - 28 November 2012. Wellington, New Zealand: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite).
Sustaining the future through virtual worlds
Gregory, Sue, Gregory, Brent, Hillier, Mathew, Jacka, Lisa, Schutt, Stefan, Ellis, David, Stokes-Thompson, Frederick, Wood, Denise, Masters, Yvonne, Farley, Helen, Orwin, Lindy, Stupans, Ieva, Scutter, Sheila, Warren, Ian, Steel, Caroline, Neuendorf, Penelope, Bower, Matt, Miller, Charlynn, Mathews, Shane, Butler, Des, Hearns, Merle, Garcia, Jaime, Jegathesan, Jay Jay, Brown, Ross, Grant, Meredith, Muir-Cochran, Eimear, Flintoff, Kim, Grant, Scott, Atkins, Clare ... McCarthy, Angela (2012). Sustaining the future through virtual worlds. 29th Annual ascilite Conference 2012 (ascilite2012), Wellington, New Zealand, 25-28 November 2012. Wellington, New Zealand: Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite).
Levy, Mike and Steel, Caroline (2012). The Brisbane Universities Language Alliance (BULA)1: a collaborative framework for university languages provision in South-East Queensland. The Next Step: Introducing the Languages and Cultures Network for Australian Universities, Melbourne, Australia, 26-28 September 2011. Sydney, Australia: Office for Teaching and Learning, DEEWR.
Steel, Caroline and Gunn, Cathy (2011). A portrait of evaluation studies of learning technology innovations 2005-2010: Addressing the elephant in the room. ascilite 2011, Hobart, Australia, 4-7 December 2011. Hobart, Australia: The University of Tasmania.
Farley, H. and Steel, C.H. (2009). A quest for the holy grail: Tactile percision, natural movement and haptic feedback in 3D virtual spaces. Same places, different spaces, Auckland, New Zealand, 6-9 December, 2009. Auckland, New Zealand: The University of Auckland; Auckland University of Technology; The Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite).
Creativity and constraint: Understanding teacher beliefs and the use of LMS technologies
Steel, Caroline and Levy, Mike (2009). Creativity and constraint: Understanding teacher beliefs and the use of LMS technologies. 26th Annual ascilite International Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, 6-9 December 2009. Auckland, New Zealand: The University of Auckland; Auckland University of Technology; Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite).
Using audience response systems (Clickers) for large first year interactive learning sessions
Galea, Victor J. and Steel, Caroline (2009). Using audience response systems (Clickers) for large first year interactive learning sessions. Blended Learning Conference 2009, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 18 June 2009.
Creating community engagement around the concept of ePortfolios: An innovative planning process
Steel, Caroline H., Ehrmann, Stephen C. and Long, Phillip D. (2008). Creating community engagement around the concept of ePortfolios: An innovative planning process. ascilite 2008 : Hello! Where are you in the landscape of educational technology?, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 30 November - 3 December 2008. Melbourne, Australia: Deakin University.
Steel, Caroline, Hallam, Gillian, Harper, Wendy and Gunn, C. (2008). Symposium: International perspectives, case studies and collaborative strategies for developing ePortfolio concepts. 25th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education - "Hello? Where are you in the landscape of educational technology?", ASCILITE 2008, Burwood, VIC Australia, 30 November - 03December 2008. Burwood, Vic Australia: ASCILITE.
Challenge FRAP: An e-learning tool used to scaffold authentic problem-solving processes
Galea, V. J., Stewart, T. and Steel, C. H. (2007). Challenge FRAP: An e-learning tool used to scaffold authentic problem-solving processes. ICT: Providing Choices for Learners and Learning, Singapore, 2-5 December 2007. Singapore: Centre for Educational Development, Nanyang University.
van den Eynde, J. A., Newcombe, P. A. and Steel, C. H. (2007). Responding to learners' need for choice: Flexible learning modes for creating an e-learning community. ascilite Singapore 2007, ICT: Providing Choices for Learners and Learning, Singapore, 2-5 December, 2007. Singapore: The Centre for Educational Development, Nanyang Technical University.
What do university students expect from teachers using an LMS?
Steel, C.H (2007). What do university students expect from teachers using an LMS?. ICT" Providing choices for learners and learning, ascilite, SIngapore, 2007, Singapore, 2-5 December, 2007. Singapore: Nanyang Techinical University: Singapore: Nanyang Techinical University.
Influence of teaching beliefs on web-enhanced learning experiences: Learners and teachers
Steel, C. H. (2006). Influence of teaching beliefs on web-enhanced learning experiences: Learners and teachers. Who's Learning? Whose Technology? Ascilite 2006, Sydney, 3-6 December, 2006. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Designing a case on plant physiology for the real world
Johnston, Margaret and Steel, Caroline (2005). Designing a case on plant physiology for the real world. International Society for Horticultural Science. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.694.60
Designing a case on plant physiology for the real world
Johnston, M. E. and Steel, C. H. (2005). Designing a case on plant physiology for the real world. Int. Symposium on Harnessing the Potential of Horticulture in the Asian-Pacific, Coolum, Australia, 1-3 September, 2004. Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science.
Game for change? Balancing an enterprise-level LMS implementation
Steel, C. (2005). Game for change? Balancing an enterprise-level LMS implementation. ascilite 2005: Balance, Fidelity, Mobility: maintaining the momentum?, Brisbane, 4-7 December, 2005. Brisbane, Australia: Dept of Teaching and Learning Support Services, QLD Univ. of Technology.
Establishing a zone where technology innovation is supported
Steel, C. H. (2004). Establishing a zone where technology innovation is supported. Beyond the comfort zone: ASCILITE 2004, Perth, Western Australia, 5 - 8 December 2004. Perth, Australia: ASCILITE (Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education).
Steel, C. H. (2003). Investigating Concept Mapping and Stimulated Recall to Reveal Academic Teacher Beliefs and how they are enacted through learning designs for the Web. ED-MEDIA 2003 - World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 23-28 Jun 2003. Chesapeake, VA, USA: Association for Advancement of Computing in Education.
Curriculum, technology & transformation for an unknown future. Proceedings ascilite Sydney 2010
Caroline Steel, Mike Keppell, Philippa Gerbic and Simon Housego eds. (2010). Curriculum, technology & transformation for an unknown future. Proceedings ascilite Sydney 2010. ascilite 2010, Sydney, Australia, 5-8 December 2010. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensand.
Steel, Caroline Helen (2009). The interrelationship between university teachers' pedagogical beliefs, beliefs about web technologies and web practices. PhD Thesis, School of Languages and Comp Cultural Studies, The University of Queensland.
ResTeach 2010 0.2 FTE School of Languages and Comparative Cultural Studies
(2010–2013) UQ ResTeach
(2009–2010) UQ FirstLink Scheme
(2018) Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
Developing intercultural competence with Web 2.0 technologies in an EFL context
(2016) Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
Persistence: The Experiences of Successful Female Distance Learners in Higher Education in Botswana
(2016) Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
Willingness to Communicate by Arab EFL Learners: Conceptualization and Realization
(2013) Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor