Professor Layton is a national leader in innovative ophthalmology, with expertise in macular disease, lens surgery and minimally invasive glaucoma interventions. He completed ophthalmology training in Queensland, Oxford and London, subspecialty training in retinal disease at the Royal Brisbane Hospital and holds a PhD in diabetic retinopathy from Oxford University. Professor Layton is a Rhodes Scholar and founding director of the LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre in Brisbane, Australia. He is also CEO of Ocugene, a Queensland based biotech start-up which is commercialising his gene therapy technology targeting macular degeneration, uveitis and choroidal melanoma. Professor Layton is the listed inventor of multiple ophthalmic patent applications currently under review in the USA, the EU, Japan, Israel, Australia and Singapore. He has published extensively in the international literature and his work has been recognised by awards from international eye research organisations.
The LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre is a prominent ophthalmologist led research unit in Queensland. The unit’s research focus is on optimising next generation targeted therapeutics for the intravitreal treatment of currently blinding or fatal medical retinal conditions. Our world class infrastructure includes modern, extensively equipped PC2 laboratories and access to on site flow cytometry; confocal, multiphoton and 3D scanning super resolution microscopy; microPET imaging and mass spectrometry. The unit has developed a complete bench to bedside development pipeline through our clinical research infrastructure, from high technology discovery work of targeted therapeutics in cell culture systems to unit sponsored clinical trials. Academic training is a specialty of the unit and forms the ideal foundation for a career as a visual scientist, neuroscientist or academic ophthalmologist. Alternatively, experiences in the unit can be tailored to impart a high level of ophthalmic knowledge prior to undertaking the RANZCO ophthalmology training program or equivalency examinations. Supervision is supportive and directed towards the career goals of the Centre's members, not the advancement of the Centre itself.
Journal Article: Familial disorders of the optic disc: presentation of a mother and daughter and review of the literature
Hsu, Chia Lee and Layton, Christopher J. (2015). Familial disorders of the optic disc: presentation of a mother and daughter and review of the literature. Case Reports in Ophthalmology, 6 (2), 251-259. doi: 10.1159/000437381
Journal Article: Factors associated with significant ocular injury in conservatively treated orbital fractures
Layton, Christopher J. (2014). Factors associated with significant ocular injury in conservatively treated orbital fractures. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014 412397, 412397.1-412397.6. doi: 10.1155/2014/412397
Journal Article: Monocarboxylate transporter expression remains unchanged during the development of diabetic retinal neuropathy in the rat
Layton, Christopher J., Chidlow, Glyn, Casson, Robert J., Wood, John P. M., Graham, Mark and Osborne, Neville N. (2004). Monocarboxylate transporter expression remains unchanged during the development of diabetic retinal neuropathy in the rat. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 46 (8), 2878-2885. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1458
Vision and Ophthalmology Research
(2017–2022) Research Donation Generic
Aspects of posterior segment therapeutic targeting in retinal disease
(2016–2020) Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation
Aspects of diabetic retinal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy
(2016–2019) Layton Vision Foundation Limited
Penetrative intraviteal gene therapy approaches to macular degeneration
Doctor Philosophy
Aspects of posterior segment therapeutic targeting in retinal diseases
(2021) Doctor Philosophy
Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma with genetically modified Adeno Associated Viruses
(2018) Doctor Philosophy
1. Penetrative intraviteal anti-angiogenic gene therapy approaches for sub-RPE choroidal neovascularisation in exudative macular degeneration
2. Intravitreal modulated immunotherapy for severe choroidal inflammation
3. Penetrative intravitreal cancer gene therapy for the treatment of uveal melanoma
Hsu, Chia Lee and Layton, Christopher J. (2015). Familial disorders of the optic disc: presentation of a mother and daughter and review of the literature. Case Reports in Ophthalmology, 6 (2), 251-259. doi: 10.1159/000437381
Factors associated with significant ocular injury in conservatively treated orbital fractures
Layton, Christopher J. (2014). Factors associated with significant ocular injury in conservatively treated orbital fractures. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014 412397, 412397.1-412397.6. doi: 10.1155/2014/412397
Layton, Christopher J., Chidlow, Glyn, Casson, Robert J., Wood, John P. M., Graham, Mark and Osborne, Neville N. (2004). Monocarboxylate transporter expression remains unchanged during the development of diabetic retinal neuropathy in the rat. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 46 (8), 2878-2885. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1458
AAV-mediated gene therapies for glaucoma and uveitis: are we there yet?
Castro, Brenda, Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2024). AAV-mediated gene therapies for glaucoma and uveitis: are we there yet?. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine, 26 e9. doi: 10.1017/erm.2024.4
Castro, Brenda F. M., Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2023). AAV-Based Strategies for Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases: Advances in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy Therapies. BioDrugs, 38 (1), 73-93. doi: 10.1007/s40259-023-00629-y
Li, Ye, Smith, Robert G., Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2022). Attitudes of eye health practitioners towards diagnostic tests and therapies for dry eye disease in Australasia. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 45 (6) 101724, 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2022.101724
Chalada, Melissa, Ramlogan-steel, Charmaine A., Dhungel, Bijay P., Goh, Amanda Y., Gardiner, Samuel, Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2021). Differences in uveal melanoma age-standardized incidence rates in two eastern states of Australia are driven by differences in rurality and ultraviolet radiation. Cancers, 13 (23) 5894. doi: 10.3390/cancers13235894
Neutralisation of adeno-associated virus transduction by human vitreous humour
Andrzejewski, Sławomir, Moyle, Peter M., Stringer, Brett W., Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2021). Neutralisation of adeno-associated virus transduction by human vitreous humour. Gene Therapy, 28 (5), 242-255. doi: 10.1038/s41434-020-0162-8
The impact of ultraviolet radiation on the aetiology and development of uveal melanoma
Chalada, Melissa, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Dhungel, Bijay P., Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2021). The impact of ultraviolet radiation on the aetiology and development of uveal melanoma. Cancers, 13 (7) 1700, 1700. doi: 10.3390/cancers13071700
Time‐to‐event survival statistics in ophthalmology: methodological research
Layton, Christopher J. and Layton, Danielle M. (2020). Time‐to‐event survival statistics in ophthalmology: methodological research. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 48 (9) ceo.13848, 1136-1145. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13848
Murali, Aparna, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2020). Characterisation and validation of the 8-fold quadrant dissected human retinal explant culture model for pre-clinical toxicology investigation. Toxicology in Vitro, 63 104716, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104716
Goh, A. Y., Ramlogan-Steel, C. A., Jenkins, K. S., Steel, J. C. and Layton, C. J. (2020). Presence and prevalence of uv related genetic mutations in uveal melanoma: similarities with cutaneous melanoma. Neoplasma, 67 (5), 958-971. doi: 10.4149/neo_2020_190815N768
Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Murali, Aparna, Andrzejewski, Slawomir, Dhungel, Bijay, Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2019). Gene therapy and the adeno associated virus in the treatment of genetic and acquired ophthalmic diseases in humans: trials, future directions and safety considerations. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 47 (4), 521-536. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13416
Adeno-associated virus neutralising antibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Andrzejewski, Slawomir, Murali, Aparna, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine, Edwards, Katie P., Efron, Nathan, Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2019). Adeno-associated virus neutralising antibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Gene Therapy, 26 (6), 250-263. doi: 10.1038/s41434-019-0076-5
Systematic assessment of clinical methods to diagnose and monitor diabetic retinal neuropathy
Jenkins, K. Sean, Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2018). Systematic assessment of clinical methods to diagnose and monitor diabetic retinal neuropathy. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018 8479850, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2018/8479850
microRNA199a based post-transcriptional detargeting of gene vectors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Dhungel, Bijay, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2018). microRNA199a based post-transcriptional detargeting of gene vectors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, 13, 78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.016
Retinal explant culture: a platform to investigate human neuro-retina
Murali, Aparna, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Andrzejewski, Slawomir, Steel, Jason C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2018). Retinal explant culture: a platform to investigate human neuro-retina. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology, 47 (2) ceo.13434, 274-285. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13434
Current evidence for the prevention of endophthalmitis in anti-VEGF intravitreal injections
Lau, P. ET., Jenkins, K. S. and Layton, C. J. (2018). Current evidence for the prevention of endophthalmitis in anti-VEGF intravitreal injections. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018 8567912, 1-8. doi: 10.1155/2018/8567912
miRNA122a regulation of gene therapy vectors targeting hepatocellular cancer stem cells
Dhungel, Bijay, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2018). miRNA122a regulation of gene therapy vectors targeting hepatocellular cancer stem cells. OncoTarget, 9 (34), 23577-23588. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25280
Evaluation of the glypican-3 promoter for transcriptional targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma
Dhungel, Bijay, Andrzejewski, Slawomir, Jayachandran, Aparna, Shrestha, Ritu, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine A., Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2018). Evaluation of the glypican-3 promoter for transcriptional targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma. Molecular Therapy, 25 (2), 115-128. doi: 10.1038/s41434-018-0002-2
Kaway, Cindy S., Adams, Madeleine K. M., Jenkins, Kevin Sean and Layton, Christopher J. (2017). A novel ABCA4 mutation associated with a late-onset Stargardt disease phenotype: a hypomorphic allele?. Case Reports in Ophthalmology, 8 (1), 180-184. doi: 10.1159/000464129
Seek and destroy: targeted adeno-associated viruses for gene delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma
Dhungel, Bijay, Jayachandran, Aparna, Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2017). Seek and destroy: targeted adeno-associated viruses for gene delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Delivery, 24 (1), 289-299. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1247926
External ophthalmomyiasis caused by oestrus ovis
Jenkins, K. Sean and Layton, Christopher J. (2017). External ophthalmomyiasis caused by oestrus ovis. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 46 (3), 300-301. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13033
de Moraes, Gabriela and Layton, Christopher J. (2016). Therapeutic targeting of diabetic retinal neuropathy as a strategy in preventing diabetic retinopathy. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 44 (9), 838-852. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12795
An eye for art? A challenge of ophthalmic body modification
Jenkins, Kevin Sean and Layton, Christopher J. (2016). An eye for art? A challenge of ophthalmic body modification. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 44 (8), 741-741. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12758
Lim, Paul C. C. and Layton, Christopher J. (2016). Prognostic implications of imaging in atrophic macular degeneration and its use in clinical practice and clinical trial design. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 44 (5), 410-421. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12671
Goh, Amanda Y. L. and Layton, Christopher J. (2016). Evolving systemic targeted therapy strategies in uveal melanoma and implications for ophthalmic management: a review. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 44 (6), 509-519. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12688
Layton, Christopher J. (2015). Diabetic levels of glucose increase cellular reducing equivalents but reduce survival in three models of 661W photoreceptor-like cell injury. BMC Ophthalmology, 15 (174) 174, 174. doi: 10.1186/s12886-015-0164-2
Hsu, Chia Lee and Layton, Christopher J. (2015). Familial disorders of the optic disc: presentation of a mother and daughter and review of the literature. Case Reports in Ophthalmology, 6 (2), 251-259. doi: 10.1159/000437381
Factors associated with significant ocular injury in conservatively treated orbital fractures
Layton, Christopher J. (2014). Factors associated with significant ocular injury in conservatively treated orbital fractures. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014 412397, 412397.1-412397.6. doi: 10.1155/2014/412397
Layton, C. J., Safa, R. and Osborne, N. N. (2007). Oscillatory potentials and the b-Wave: partial masking and interdependence in dark adaptation and diabetes in the rat. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 245 (9), 1335-1345. doi: 10.1007/s00417-006-0506-0
Layton, C. J., Becker, S. and Osborne, N. N. (2006). The effect of insulin and glucose levels on retinal glial cell activation and pigment epithelium-derived fibroblast growth factor-2. Molecular Vision, 12, 46-54.
Layton, CJ, Becker, S and Osborne, NN (2006). The effect of insulin and glucose levels on retinal glial cell activation and pigment epithelium-derived fibroblast growth factor-2. Molecular Vision, 12 (5), 43-54.
Layton, C. J., Chidlow, G., Wood, J. P. M. and Osborne, N. N. (2005). Neuronal death in primary retinal cultures is related to nitric oxide production, and is inhibited by erythropoietin in a glucose-sensitive manner. Journal of Neurochemistry, 92 (3), 487-493. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02876.x
Survey of eye practitioners' attitudes towards diagnostic tests and therapies for dry eye disease
Turner, Angus W., Layton, Christopher J. and Bron, Anthony J. (2005). Survey of eye practitioners' attitudes towards diagnostic tests and therapies for dry eye disease. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 33 (4), 351-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.01026.x
Layton, Christopher J., Chidlow, Glyn, Casson, Robert J., Wood, John P. M., Graham, Mark and Osborne, Neville N. (2004). Monocarboxylate transporter expression remains unchanged during the development of diabetic retinal neuropathy in the rat. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 46 (8), 2878-2885. doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1458
Optic nerve and neuroprotection strategies
Osborne, N. N., Chidlow, G., Layton, C. J., Wood, J. P. M., Casson, R. J. and Melena, J. (2004). Optic nerve and neuroprotection strategies. Eye, 18 (11), 1075-1084. doi: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701588
Clinical aspects of conjunctival melanoma
Layton, Christopher Layton and Glasson, William (2002). Clinical aspects of conjunctival melanoma. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 30 (2), 72-79. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-6404.2002.00490.x
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Tropism in Human Retina
Andrzejewski, Slawomir, Moyle, Peter M., Stringer, Brett W., Steel, Jason and Layton, Christopher J. (2020). Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Tropism in Human Retina. In: 23rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gene and Cell Therapy, Electr Network, (254-254). 12-15 May 2020.
Andrzejewski, S., Moyle, P., Stringer, B., Steel, J. and Layton, C. J. (2019). Effect of human vitreous humour components and neutralising antibodies on transduction activity of recombinant AAV2, AAV5, AAV6 and AAV8. Annual Conference of the British-Society-for-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy, Sheffield, United Kingdom , 19-21 June 2019. New Rochelle, NY, United States: Mary Ann Liebert.
Evaluation of tumor specific promoters for transcriptional targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma
Dhungel, Bijay, Jayachandran, Aparna, Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2018). Evaluation of tumor specific promoters for transcriptional targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma. Joint 10th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy-Society (AGCTS) and Australasian-Society-for-Stem-Cell-Research (ASSCR), Sydney Australia, May 24-26, 2017. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley.
Genetic evidence for the role of ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma
Goh, A., Ramlogan-Steel, C., Jayachandran, A., Steel, J. and Layton, C. (2017). Genetic evidence for the role of ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma. 2017 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27 - 30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ, United States: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02787
Genetic evidence for the role of ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma
Goh, A., Ramlogan-Steel, C., Jayachandran, A., Steel, J. and Layton, C. (2017). Genetic evidence for the role of ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma. 2017 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27-30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ USA: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02787
The 8-fold quadrant dissection method for ex vivo human interventional retinal experimentation
Murali, A., Ramlogan-Steel, C., Andrzejewski, S., Dhungel, B., Steel, J. and Layton, C. (2017). The 8-fold quadrant dissection method for ex vivo human interventional retinal experimentation. 2017 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27-30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ USA: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.01558
Evaluation of the Glypican-3 Promoter for Transcriptional Targeting of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Dhungel, Bijay, Jayachandran, Aparna, Shrestha, Ritu, Ramlogan-Steel, Charmaine, Layton, Christopher J. and Steel, Jason C. (2017). Evaluation of the Glypican-3 Promoter for Transcriptional Targeting of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 20th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Gene-and-Cell-Therapy (ASGCT), Washington DC United States, 10-13 May 2017. CAMBRIDGE: Cell Press.
Layton, C. J., Dhungel, B. , Andrzejewski, S. , Jayachandran, A. , Murali, A. and Steel, J. S. (2017). Gene therapy targeting of choroidal disease and AAV transcytosis through the outer blood retina barrier epithelium. European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27-30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02683
Genetic evidence for the role of ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma
Goh, A. , Ramlogan‐Steel, C. , Jayachandran, A., Steel, J. and Layton, C. J. (2017). Genetic evidence for the role of ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma. European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27-30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02787
Jenkins, K. S., Adams, M. K. M. and Layton, C. J. (2017). Ophthalmoscopic and video OCT methods to detect spontaneous venous pulsation in individuals with apparently normal intracranial pressure: the rebirth of the SVP?. European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27-30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.01516
The 8‐fold quadrant dissection method for ex vivo human interventional retinal experimentation
Murali, A., Ramlogan‐Steel, C., Andrzejewski, S., Dhungel, B., Steel, J. and Layton, C. J. (2017). The 8‐fold quadrant dissection method for ex vivo human interventional retinal experimentation. European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 27-30 September 2017. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley-Blackwell . doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.01558
Layton, Christopher J., Kawai, Cindy S., de Moraes, Gabriela, Jenkins, Kevin and Goh, Amanda Y. (2016). Effects of erythropoietin on glucose induced exacerbation of hypoxic damage in cultured photoreceptor-like cells. Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO), Seattle, WA United States, 1-5 May 2016. Rockville, MD United States: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
Systematic assessment of clinical methods to diagnose and monitor diabetic retinal neuropathy
Jenkins, K. S., Rowan, A. and Layton, C. J. (2016). Systematic assessment of clinical methods to diagnose and monitor diabetic retinal neuropathy. 2016 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 5-8 October 2016. Hoboken, NJ United States: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0565
Layton, C. J. and de Moraes, G. (2015). The effect of glucose and insulin on the susceptibility of cultured photoreceptor-like cells to hypoxia. European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference, Nice, France, 7-10 Oct. 2015. Hoboken, NJ, United States: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0711
Layton, CJ, Wood, JPM, Turner, A and Osborne, NN (2004). Erythropoietin assists neuronal survival and reduces nitric oxide production in retinal cultures at low but not moderate glucose concentrations.. Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology, Ft Lauderdale Fl, Apr 24-29, 2004. ROCKVILLE: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC.
Localisation of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes 1-4 in the rat eye
Osborne, NN, Layton, CJ, Wood, JPM, Graham, M and Chidlow, G (2003). Localisation of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes 1-4 in the rat eye. Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology, Ft Lauderdale Florida, May 04, 2003. ROCKVILLE: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC.
Layton, Christopher and Steel, Jason (2021). Expression vector and method. US Patent App. 16/963,880.
Vision and Ophthalmology Research
(2017–2022) Research Donation Generic
Aspects of posterior segment therapeutic targeting in retinal disease
(2016–2020) Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation
Aspects of diabetic retinal neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy
(2016–2019) Layton Vision Foundation Limited
Diabetic Retinal Neuropathy in the Outer Retina
(2014–2017) Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation
Penetrative intraviteal gene therapy approaches to macular degeneration
Doctor Philosophy — Principal Advisor
Aspects of posterior segment therapeutic targeting in retinal diseases
(2021) Doctor Philosophy — Principal Advisor
Other advisors:
Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma with genetically modified Adeno Associated Viruses
(2018) Doctor Philosophy — Associate Advisor
Other advisors:
Note for students: The possible research projects listed on this page may not be comprehensive or up to date. Always feel free to contact the staff for more information, and also with your own research ideas.
1. Penetrative intraviteal anti-angiogenic gene therapy approaches for sub-RPE choroidal neovascularisation in exudative macular degeneration
2. Intravitreal modulated immunotherapy for severe choroidal inflammation
3. Penetrative intravitreal cancer gene therapy for the treatment of uveal melanoma
4. EPO as a neuroprotective agent in human diabetic retinal neuropathy associated with nephropathy
Requires AHPRA registration and a clinical degree