The University of Queensland

Oxysterols in Infectious Diseases

Foo, Cheng X., Fessler, Michael B. and Ronacher, Katharina (2023). Oxysterols in Infectious Diseases. Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases. (pp. 125-147) Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_7

Cytokines in pulmonary tuberculosis

Ronacher, Katharina, Djoba-Siawaya, Joel Fleury and Walzl, Gerhard (2011). Cytokines in pulmonary tuberculosis. Cytokines. (pp. 123-137) edited by Victor R. Preedy and Ross Hunter. Boca Raton, Florida, United States: CRC Press.

Increasing HbA1c is associated with reduced CD8+ T cell functionality in response to influenza virus in a TCR-dependent manner in individuals with diabetes mellitus

Hulme, Katina D., Tong, Zhen Wei Marcus, Rowntree, Louise C., van de Sandt, Carolien E., Ronacher, Katharina, Grant, Emma J., Dorey, Emily S., Gallo, Linda A., Gras, Stephanie, Kedzierska, Katherine, Barrett, Helen L. and Short, Kirsty R. (2024). Increasing HbA1c is associated with reduced CD8+ T cell functionality in response to influenza virus in a TCR-dependent manner in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 81 (1) 35, 35. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-05010-4

Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐induced respiratory inflammation

Ray, Jessica L., Postma, Britten, Kendall, Rebekah L., Ngo, Minh Dao, Foo, Cheng Xiang, Saunders, Brett, Ronacher, Katharina, Gowdy, Kymberly M. and Holian, Andrij (2023). Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐induced respiratory inflammation. The FASEB Journal, 38 (1) e23350, e23350. doi: 10.1096/fj.202301571rr

Impaired resolution of blood transcriptomes through tuberculosis treatment with diabetes comorbidity

Eckold, Clare, van Doorn, Cassandra L. R., Ruslami, Rovina, Ronacher, Katharina, Riza, Anca-Lelia, van Veen, Suzanne, Lee, Ji-Sook, Kumar, Vinod, Kerry-Barnard, Sarah, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Kleynhans, Leanie, Stanley, Kim, Joosten, Simone A., Critchley, Julia A., Hill, Philip C., van Crevel, Reinout, Wijmenga, Cisca, Haks, Marielle C., Ioana, Mihai, Alisjahbana, Bachti, Walzl, Gerhard, Ottenhoff, Tom H. M., Dockrell, Hazel M., Vianello, Eleonora, Cliff, Jacqueline M. and TANDEM Consortium, (2023). Impaired resolution of blood transcriptomes through tuberculosis treatment with diabetes comorbidity. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 13 (9) ARTN e1375. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1375

Impaired resolution of blood transcriptomes through tuberculosis treatment with diabetes comorbidity

Eckold, Clare, van Doorn, Cassandra L. R., Ruslami, Rovina, Ronacher, Katharina, Riza, Anca‐Lelia, van Veen, Suzanne, Lee, Ji‐Sook, Kumar, Vinod, Kerry‐Barnard, Sarah, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Kleynhans, Léanie, Stanley, Kim, Joosten, Simone A., Critchley, Julia A, Hill, Philip C., van Crevel, Reinout, Wijmenga, Cisca, Haks, Mariëlle C., Ioana, Mihai, Alisjahbana, Bachti, Walzl, Gerhard, Ottenhoff, Tom H. M., Dockrell, Hazel M., Vianello, Eleonora, Cliff, Jacqueline M. and the TANDEM Consortium$ (2023). Impaired resolution of blood transcriptomes through tuberculosis treatment with diabetes comorbidity. Clinical and Translational Medicine, 13 (9) ARTN e1375, e1375. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1375

GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Foo, Cheng Xiang, Bartlett, Stacey, Chew, Keng Yih, Ngo, Minh Dao, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Jayakody Arachchige, Buddhika, Matthews, Benjamin, Reed, Sarah, Wang, Ran, Smith, Christian, Sweet, Matthew J., Burr, Lucy, Bisht, Kavita, Shatunova, Svetlana, Sinclair, Jane E., Parry, Rhys, Yang, Yuanhao, Lévesque, Jean-Pierre, Khromykh, Alexander, Rosenkilde, Mette Marie, Short, Kirsty R. and Ronacher, Katharina (2023). GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection. European Respiratory Journal, 61 (3) 2201306, 1-15. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01306-2022

Neutrophil degranulation, NETosis and platelet degranulation pathway genes are co-induced in whole blood up to six months before tuberculosis diagnosis

Meier, Stuart, Seddon, James A., Maasdorp, Elizna, Kleynhans, Léanie, du Plessis, Nelita, Loxton, Andre G., Malherbe, Stephanus T., Zak, Daniel E., Thompson, Ethan, Duffy, Fergal J., Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Ottenhoff, Tom H.M., Scriba, Thomas J., Suliman, Sara, Sutherland, Jayne S., Winter, Jill, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Walzl, Gerhard, Tromp, Gerard, Black, Gillian F., van der Spuy, Gian, Stanley, Kim, Kriel, Magdalena, Nene, Nonhlanhla, Roberts, Teri, Gutschmidt, Andrea, Smith, Bronwyn, Chegou, Novel N., Tabb, David ... Warwick, James M. (2022). Neutrophil degranulation, NETosis and platelet degranulation pathway genes are co-induced in whole blood up to six months before tuberculosis diagnosis. PLoS One, 17 (12 ) e0278295, 1-24. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278295

Transcriptional profiles predict treatment outcome in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes at diagnosis and at two weeks after initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment

van Doorn, Cassandra L. R., Eckold, Clare, Ronacher, Katharina, Ruslami, Rovina, van Veen, Suzanne, Lee, Ji-Sook, Kumar, Vinod, Kerry-Barnard, Sarah, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Kleynhans, Léanie, Stanley, Kim, Hill, Philip C., Joosten, Simone A., van Crevel, Reinout, Wijmenga, Cisca, Critchley, Julia A., Walzl, Gerhard, Alisjahbana, Bachti, Haks, Mariëlle C., Dockrell, Hazel M., Ottenhoff, Tom H. M., Vianello, Eleonora, Cliff, Jacqueline M. and on behalf of the TANDEM Consortium (2022). Transcriptional profiles predict treatment outcome in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes at diagnosis and at two weeks after initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment. EBioMedicine, 82 104173, 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104173

A blunted GPR183/oxysterol axis during dysglycemia results in delayed recruitment of macrophages to the lung during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Ngo, Minh Dao, Bartlett, Stacey, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Foo, Cheng Xiang, Sinha, Roma, Arachige, Buddhika Jayakody, Reed, Sarah, Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas, Rosenkilde, Mette Marie and Ronacher, Katharina (2022). A blunted GPR183/oxysterol axis during dysglycemia results in delayed recruitment of macrophages to the lung during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 225 (12), 2219-2228. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac102

Interplay Between the Immune and Endocrine Systems in the Lung: Implications for TB Susceptibility

Webber, Tariq, Ronacher, Katharina, Conradie-Smit, Marli and Kleynhans, Léanie (2022). Interplay Between the Immune and Endocrine Systems in the Lung: Implications for TB Susceptibility. Frontiers in immunology, 13 829355. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829355

Oxysterols in the immune response to bacterial and viral infections

Foo, Cheng Xiang, Bartlett, Stacey and Ronacher, Katharina (2022). Oxysterols in the immune response to bacterial and viral infections. Cells, 11 (2) 201. doi: 10.3390/cells11020201

Diabetes-associated susceptibility to tuberculosis: contribution of hyperglycemia vs. dyslipidemia

Ngo, Minh Dao, Bartlett, Stacey and Ronacher, Katharina (2021). Diabetes-associated susceptibility to tuberculosis: contribution of hyperglycemia vs. dyslipidemia. Microorganisms, 9 (11) 2282. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9112282

Pre-Diabetes Increases Tuberculosis Disease Severity, While High Body Fat Without Impaired Glucose Tolerance Is Protective

Sinha, Roma, Ngo, Minh Dao, Bartlett, Stacey, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Keshvari, Sahar, Hasnain, Sumaira Z., Donovan, Meg L., Kling, Jessica C., Blumenthal, Antje, Chen, Chen, Short, Kirsty R. and Ronacher, Katharina (2021). Pre-Diabetes Increases Tuberculosis Disease Severity, While High Body Fat Without Impaired Glucose Tolerance Is Protective. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11 691823, 691823. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691823

Chronological metabolic response to intensive phase TB therapy in patients with cured and failed treatment outcomes

Opperman, Monique, Loots, Du Toit, van Reenen, Mari, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard and du Preez, Ilse (2021). Chronological metabolic response to intensive phase TB therapy in patients with cured and failed treatment outcomes. ACS Infectious Diseases, 7 (6) acsinfecdis.1c00162, 1859-1869. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00162

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-stimulated whole blood culture to detect host biosignatures for tuberculosis treatment response

Cilliers, Karen, Menezes, Angela, Webber, Tariq, Dockrell, Hazel M., Cliff, Jacqueline M., Kleynhans, Léanie, Chegou, Novel N., du Plessis, Nelita, Loxton, André G., Kidd, Martin, Djoba Siawaya, Joel Fleury, Ronacher, Katharina and Walzl, Gerhard (2021). Mycobacterium tuberculosis-stimulated whole blood culture to detect host biosignatures for tuberculosis treatment response. Tuberculosis, 128 102082, 102082. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102082

The peripheral blood transcriptome is correlated with PET measures of lung inflammation during successful tuberculosis treatment

Odia, Trust, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Meier, Stuart, Maasdorp, Elizna, Kleynhans, Léanie, du Plessis, Nelita, Loxton, Andre G., Zak, Daniel E., Thompson, Ethan, Duffy, Fergal J., Kuivaniemi, Helena, Ronacher, Katharina, Winter, Jill, Walzl, Gerhard, Tromp, Gerard and Catalysis TB-Biomarker Consortium (2021). The peripheral blood transcriptome is correlated with PET measures of lung inflammation during successful tuberculosis treatment. Frontiers in Immunology, 11 Frontiers Research Foundation. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596173

GPR183 regulates interferons, autophagy, and bacterial growth during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and is associated with TB disease severity

Bartlett, Stacey, Gemiarto, Adrian Tandhyka, Ngo, Minh Dao, Sajiir, Haressh, Hailu, Semira, Sinha, Roma, Foo, Cheng Xiang, Kleynhans, Léanie, Tshivhula, Happy, Webber, Tariq, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, West, Nicholas P., Hiemstra, Andriette M., MacDonald, Candice E., Christensen, Liv von Voss, Schlesinger, Larry S., Walzl, Gerhard, Rosenkilde, Mette Marie, Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas and Ronacher, Katharina (2020). GPR183 regulates interferons, autophagy, and bacterial growth during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and is associated with TB disease severity. Frontiers in Immunology, 11 601534, 601534. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601534

Screening diabetes mellitus patients for pulmonary tuberculosis: a multisite study in Indonesia, Peru, Romania and South Africa

Alisjahbana, Bachti, McAllister, Susan M, Ugarte-Gil, Cesar, Panduru, Nicolae Mircea, Ronacher, Katharina, Koesoemadinata, Raspati C, Zubiate, Carlos, Riza, Anca Lelia, Malherbe, Stephanus T, Kleynhans, Leanie, Lopez, Sonia, Dockrell, Hazel M, Ruslami, Rovina, Ioana, Mihai, Walzl, Gerhard, Pearson, Fiona, Critchley, Julia A, Moore, David A J, van Crevel, Reinout and Hill, Philip C (2020). Screening diabetes mellitus patients for pulmonary tuberculosis: a multisite study in Indonesia, Peru, Romania and South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 115 (6), 1-10. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/traa100

High glucose levels increase influenza-associated damage to the pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier

Hulme, Katina Dee, Yan, Limin, Marshall, Rebecca J., Bloxham, Conor J., Upton, Kyle R., Hasnain, Sumaira Z., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Loh, Zhixuan, Ronacher, Katharina, Chew, Keng Yih , Gallo, Linda A. and Short, Kirsty Renfree (2020). High glucose levels increase influenza-associated damage to the pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier. eLife, 9 e56907, 1-20. doi: 10.7554/elife.56907

Impact of intermediate hyperglycaemia as well as diabetes on immune dysfunction in tuberculosis

Eckold, Clare, Kumar, Vinod, Weiner Rd, January, Alisjahbana, Bachti, Riza, Anca-Lelia, Ronacher, Katharina, Coronel, Jorge, Kerry-Barnard, Sarah, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Kleynhans, Leanie, Stanley, Kim, Ruslami, Rovina, Ioana, Mihai, Ugarte-Gil, Cesar, Walzl, Gerhard, van Crevel, Reinout, Wijmenga, Cisca, Critchley, Julia A., Dockrell, Hazel M., Cliff, Jacqueline M. and for the TANDEM consortium (2020). Impact of intermediate hyperglycaemia as well as diabetes on immune dysfunction in tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 72 (1), 69-78. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa751

Glycemic variability in diabetes increases the severity of influenza

Marshall, Rebecca J., Armart, Pornthida, Hulme, Katina D., Chew, Keng Yih, Brown, Alexandra C., Hansbro, Philip M., Bloxham, Conor J., Flint, Melanie, Ronacher, Katharina, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Gallo, Linda A. and Short, Kirsty R. (2020). Glycemic variability in diabetes increases the severity of influenza. mBio, 11 (2) e02841-19. doi: 10.1128/mbio.02841-19

Quantitative 18F-FDG PET-CT scan characteristics correlate with tuberculosis treatment response

Malherbe, Stephanus T., Chen, Ray Y., Dupont, Patrick, Kant, Ilse, Kriel, Magdalena, Loxton, André G., Smith, Bronwyn, Beltran, Caroline G. G., van Zyl, Susan, McAnda, Shirely, Abrahams, Charmaine, Maasdorp, Elizna, Doruyter, Alex, Via, Laura E., Barry, Clifton E., Alland, David, Griffith-Richards, Stephanie , Ellman, Annare, Peppard, Thomas, Belisle, John, Tromp, Gerard, Ronacher, Katharina, Warwick, James M., Winter, Jill and Walzl, Gerhard (2020). Quantitative 18F-FDG PET-CT scan characteristics correlate with tuberculosis treatment response. EJNMMI Research, 10 (1) 8, 8. doi: 10.1186/s13550-020-0591-9

Time-dependent changes in urinary metabolome before and after intensive phase tuberculosis therapy: A pharmacometabolomics study

Combrink, Monique, du Preez, Ilse, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard and Loots, Du Toit (2019). Time-dependent changes in urinary metabolome before and after intensive phase tuberculosis therapy: A pharmacometabolomics study. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 23 (11) omi.2019.0140, 560-572. doi: 10.1089/omi.2019.0140

Distinct serum biosignatures are associated with different tuberculosis treatment outcomes

Ronacher, Katharina, Chegou, Novel N., Kleynhans, Léanie, Djoba Siawaya, Joel F., du Plessis, Nelita, Loxton, André G., Maasdorp, Elizna, Tromp, Gerard, Kidd, Martin, Stanley, Kim, Kriel, Magdalena, Menezes, Angela, Gutschmidt, Andrea, van der Spuy, Gian D., Warren, Robin M., Dietze, Reynaldo, Okwera, Alphonse, Thiel, Bonnie, Belisle, John T., Cliff, Jacqueline M., Boom, W. Henry, Johnson, John L., van Helden, Paul D., Dockrell, Hazel M. and Walzl, Gerhard (2019). Distinct serum biosignatures are associated with different tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Tuberculosis, 118 101859, 101859. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.101859

Diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from four TB-endemic countries: the TANDEM study

Ugarte-Gil, Cesar, Alisjahbana, Bachti, Ronacher, Katharina, Riza, Anca Lelia, Koesoemadinata, Raspati C., Malherbe, Stephanus T., Cioboata, Ramona, Llontop, Juan Carlos, Kleynhans, Leanie, Lopez, Sonia, Santoso, Prayudi, Marius, Ciontea, Villaizan, Katerine, Ruslami, Rovina, Walzl, Gerhard, Panduru, Nicolae Mircea, Dockrell, Hazel M., Hill, Philip C., Mc Allister, Susan, Pearson, Fiona, Moore, David A. J, Critchley, Julia A., van Crevel, Reinout and TANDEM Consortium (2019). Diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from four TB-endemic countries: the TANDEM study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 70 (5), 780-788. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz284

Point of care HbA1c level for diabetes mellitus management and its accuracy among tuberculosis patients: a study in four countries

Huangfu, P., Laurence, Y. V., Alisjahbana, B., Ugarte-Gil, C., Riza, A-L., Walzl, G., Ruslami, R., Moore, D. A. J., Ioana, M.., McAllister, S., Ronacher, K., Koesoemadinata, R. C., Grint, D., Kerry, S., Coronel, J., Malherbe, S. T., Griffiths, U., Dockrell, H. M., Hill, P. C., van Crevel, R., Pearson, F. and Critchley, J. A. (2019). Point of care HbA1c level for diabetes mellitus management and its accuracy among tuberculosis patients: a study in four countries. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 23 (3), 283-292. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0359

Erratum to: A multi-cohort study of the immune factors associated with M. tuberculosis infection outcomes (Nature, (2018), 560, 7720, (644-648), 10.1038/s41586-018-0439-x)

Roy Chowdhury, Roshni, Vallania, Francesco, Yang, Qianting, Lopez Angel, Cesar Joel, Darboe, Fatoumatta, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Rozot, Virginie, Nemes, Elisa, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard, Hanekom, Willem, Davis, Mark M., Winter, Jill, Chen, Xinchun, Scriba, Thomas J., Khatri, Purvesh and Chien, Yueh-hsiu (2018). Erratum to: A multi-cohort study of the immune factors associated with M. tuberculosis infection outcomes (Nature, (2018), 560, 7720, (644-648), 10.1038/s41586-018-0439-x). Nature, 564 (7734), E5-E5. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0635-8

Diabetes screen during tuberculosis contact investigations highlights opportunity for new diabetes diagnosis and reveals metabolic differences between ethnic groups

Restrepo, Blanca I., Kleynhans, Léanie, Salinas, Alejandra B., Abdelbary, Bassent, Tshivhula, Happy, Aguillón-Durán, Genesis P., Kunsevi-Kilola, Carine, Salinas, Gloria, Stanley, Kim, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Maasdorp, Elizna, Garcia-Viveros, Moncerrato, Louw, Ilze, Garcia-Oropesa, Esperanza M., Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos, Prins, John B., Walzl, Gerhard, Schlesinger, Larry S. and Ronacher, Katharina (2018). Diabetes screen during tuberculosis contact investigations highlights opportunity for new diabetes diagnosis and reveals metabolic differences between ethnic groups. Tuberculosis, 113, 10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.007

Assessment of validity of a blood-based 3-gene signature score for progression and diagnosis of tuberculosis, disease severity, and treatment response

Warsinske, Hayley C., Rao, Aditya M., Moreira, Flora M. F., Cesar, Paulo, Liu, Andrew B., Scott, Madeleine, Malherbe, Stephaus T., Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard, Winter, Jill , Sweeney, Timothy E. , Croda, Julio , Andrews, Jason R. and Khatri, Purvesh (2018). Assessment of validity of a blood-based 3-gene signature score for progression and diagnosis of tuberculosis, disease severity, and treatment response. JAMA Network Open, 1 (6), e183779. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3779

IL-22: an underestimated player in natural resistance to tuberculosis?

Ronacher, Katharina, Sinha, Roma and Cestari, Michelle (2018). IL-22: an underestimated player in natural resistance to tuberculosis?. Frontiers in Immunology, 9 (SEP) 2209. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02209

Accuracy of diabetes screening methods used for people with tuberculosis, Indonesia, Peru, Romania, South Africa

Grint, Daniel, Alisjhabana, Bachti, Ugarte-Gil, Cesar, Riza, Anca-Leila, Walzl, Gerhard, Pearson, Fiona, Ruslami, Rovina, Moore, David A. J., Ioana, Mihai, McAllister, Susan, Ronacher, Katharina, Koeseomadinata, Raspati C., Kerry-Barnard, Sarah R., Coronel, Jorge, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Dockrell, Hazel M., Hill, Philip C., Van Crevel, Reinout and Critchley, Julia A. (2018). Accuracy of diabetes screening methods used for people with tuberculosis, Indonesia, Peru, Romania, South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96 (11), 738-749. doi: 10.2471/blt.17.206227

A multi-cohort study of the immune factors associated with M. tuberculosis infection outcomes

Roy Chowdhury, Roshni, Vallania, Francesco, Yang, Qiantian, Lopez Angel, Cesar Joel, Darboe, Fatoumatta, Penn-Nicholson, Adam, Rozot, Virginie, Nemes, Elisa, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard, Hanekom, Willem, Davis, Mark M., Winter, Jill, Chen, Xinchun, Scriba, Thomas J., Khatri, Purvesh and Chien, Yueh-hsiu (2018). A multi-cohort study of the immune factors associated with M. tuberculosis infection outcomes. Nature, 560 (7720), 644-648. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0439-x

Disease characteristics and treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus attending government health services in Indonesia, Peru, Romania and South Africa

Soetedjo, Nanny N. M., McAllister, Susan M., Ugarte-Gil, Cesar, Firanescu, Adela G., Ronacher, Katharina, Alisjahbana, Bachti, Costache, Anca L., Zubiate, Carlos, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Koesoemadinata, Raspati C., Laurence, Yoko V., Pearson, Fiona, Kerry-Barnard, Sarah, Ruslami, Rovina, Moore, David A. J., Ioana, Mihai, Kleynhans, Leanie, Pernama, Hikmat, Hill, Philip C., Mota, Maria, Walzl, Gerhard, Dockrell, Hazel M., Critchley, Julia A. and van Crevel, Reinout (2018). Disease characteristics and treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus attending government health services in Indonesia, Peru, Romania and South Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 23 (10), 1118-1128. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13137

A semi-automatic technique to quantify complex tuberculous lung lesions on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerised tomography images

Malherbe, Stephanus T., Dupont, Patrick, Kant, Ilse, Ahlers, Petri, Kriel, Magdalena, Loxton, Andre G., Chen, Ray Y., Via, Laura E., Thienemann, Friedrich, Wilkinson, Robert J., Barry, Clifton E., Griffith-Richards, Stephanie, Ellman, Annare, Ronacher, Katharina, Winter, Jill, Walzl, Gerhard and Warwick, James M. (2018). A semi-automatic technique to quantify complex tuberculous lung lesions on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerised tomography images. EJNMMI Research, 8 (1) 55, 55-14. doi: 10.1186/s13550-018-0411-7

Patients with concurrent tuberculosis and diabetes have a pro-atherogenic plasma lipid profile

Vrieling, Frank, Ronacher, Katharina, Kleynhans, Léanie, van den Akker, Erik, Walzl, Gerhard, Ottenhoff, Tom H. M. and Joosten, Simone A. (2018). Patients with concurrent tuberculosis and diabetes have a pro-atherogenic plasma lipid profile. EBioMedicine, 32, 192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.011

Corrigendum: Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure

Malherbe, Stephanus T, Shenai, Shubhada, Ronacher, Katharina, Loxton, Andre G, Dolganov, Gregory, Kriel, Magdalena, Van, Tran, Chen, Ray Y, Warwick, James, Via, Laura E, Song, Taeksun, Lee, Myungsun, Schoolnik, Gary, Tromp, Gerard, Alland, David, Barry, Clifton E, Winter, Jill and Walzl, Gerhard (2017). Corrigendum: Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure. Nature Medicine, 23 (12), 1499-1499. doi: 10.1038/nm1217-1499a

Host blood RNA signatures predict the outcome of tuberculosis treatment

Thompson, Ethan G., Du, Ying, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Shankar, Smitha, Braun, Jackie, Valvo, Joe, Ronacher, Katharina, Tromp, Gerard, Tabb, David L. , Alland, David , Shenai, Shubhada, Via, Laura E., Warwick, James, Aderem, Alan, Scriba, Thomas J., Winter, Jill, Walzl, Gerhard, Zak, Daniel E. and Catalysis TB-Biomarker Consortium (2017). Host blood RNA signatures predict the outcome of tuberculosis treatment. Tuberculosis, 107, 45-58. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.004

Predicting tuberculosis treatment outcome using metabolomics

Luies, Laneke, Reenen, Mari van, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard and Loots, Du Toit (2017). Predicting tuberculosis treatment outcome using metabolomics. Biomarkers in Medicine, 11 (12), 1057-1067. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0133

Urinary metabolite markers characterising tuberculosis treatment failure

Luies, Laneke, Mienie, Japie, Motshwane, Christinah, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard and Loots, Du Toit  (2017). Urinary metabolite markers characterising tuberculosis treatment failure. Metabolomics, 13 (10) 124. doi: 10.1007/s11306-017-1261-4

Defining a research agenda to address the converging epidemics of tuberculosis and diabetes. Part 1: Epidemiology and clinical management

Critchley, Julia A., Restrepo, Blanca I., Ronacher, Katharina, Kapur, Anil, Bremer, Andrew A., Schlesinger, Larry S., Basaraba, Randall, Kornfeld, Hardy and van Crevel, Reinout (2017). Defining a research agenda to address the converging epidemics of tuberculosis and diabetes. Part 1: Epidemiology and clinical management. Chest, 152 (1), 165-173. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.04.155

Defining a research agenda to address the converging epidemics of tuberculosis and diabetes. Part 2: underlying biological mechanisms

Ronacher, Katharina, van Crevel, Reinout, Critchley, Julia, Bremer, Andrew A., Schlesinger, Larry S., Kapur, Anil, Basaraba, Randall, Kornfeld, Hardy and Restrepo, Blanca I. (2017). Defining a research agenda to address the converging epidemics of tuberculosis and diabetes. Part 2: underlying biological mechanisms. Chest, 152 (1), 174-180. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.02.032

Changes in host immune-endocrine relationships during tuberculosis treatment in patients with cured and failed treatment outcomes

Kleynhans, Leanie, Ruzive, Sheena, Ehlers, Lizaan, Thiart, Lani, Chegou, Novel N., Conradie, Magda, Kriel, Magdalena, Stanley, Kim, van der Spuy, Gian D., Kidd, Martin, van Helden, Paul D., Walzl, Gerhard and Ronacher, Katharina (2017). Changes in host immune-endocrine relationships during tuberculosis treatment in patients with cured and failed treatment outcomes. Frontiers in Immunology, 8 (JUN) 690, 690. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00690

Corrigendum: Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure

Malherbe, Stephanus T, Shenai, Shubhada, Ronacher, Katharina, Loxton, Andre G, Dolganov, Gregory, Kriel, Magdalena, Van, Tran, Chen, Ray Y, Warwick, James, Via, Laura E, Song, Taeksun, Lee, Myungsun, Schoolnik, Gary, Tromp, Gerard, Alland, David, Barry, Clifton E, Winter, Jill, Walzl, Gerhard and Catalysis TB–Biomarker Consortium (2017). Corrigendum: Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure. Nature Medicine, 23 (4), 526-526. doi: 10.1038/nm0417-526a

High-throughput identification of DNA-encoded IgG ligands that distinguish active and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections

Mendes, Kimberly R., Malone, Marie Lynne, Ndungu, John Maina, Suponitsky-Kroyter, Irena, Cavett, Valerie J., McEnaney, Patrick J., MacConnell, Andrew B., Doran, Todd M., Ronacher, Katharina, Stanley, Kim, Utset, Ofelia, Walzl, Gerhard, Paegel, Brian M. and Kodadek, Thomas (2017). High-throughput identification of DNA-encoded IgG ligands that distinguish active and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. ACS Chemical Biology, 12 (1), 234-243. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00855

Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure

Malherbe, Stephanus T., Shenai, Shubhada, Ronacher, Katharina, Loxton, Andre G., Dolganov, Gregory, Kriel, Magdalena, Van, Tran, Chen, Ray Y., Warwick, James, Via, Laura E., Song, Taeksun, Lee, Myungsun, Schoolnik, Gary, Tromp, Gerard, Alland, David, Barry, Clifton E, Winter, Jill, Walzl, Gerhard, Catalysis TB–Biomarker Consortium, Lucas, L., Spuy, G.V.D., Stanley, K., Theart, L., Smith, B., Burger, N., Beltran, C.G.G., Maasdorp, E., Ellmann, A., Choi, H. ... Griffith-Richards, S. (2016). Persisting positron emission tomography lesion activity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA after tuberculosis cure. Nature Medicine, 22 (10), 1094-1100. doi: 10.1038/nm.4177

Successful TB treatment induces B-cells expressing FASL and IL5RA mRNA

van Rensburg, Ilana C., Wagman, Chandre, Stanley, Kim, Beltran, Caroline, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard and Loxton, Andre G. (2016). Successful TB treatment induces B-cells expressing FASL and IL5RA mRNA. Oncotarget, 8 (2), 2037-2043. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12184

Bacterial loads measured by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as markers of culture conversion and biological cure in pulmonary TB

Shenai, Shubhada, Ronacher, Katharina, Malherbe, Stefanus, Stanley, Kim, Kriel, Magdalena, Winter, Jill, Peppard, Thomas, Barry, Charles E., Wang, Jing, Dodd, Lori E., Via, Laura E., Barry, Clifton E. 3rd, Walzl, Gerhard and Alland, David (2016). Bacterial loads measured by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as markers of culture conversion and biological cure in pulmonary TB. PLoS One, 11 (8) e0160062, e0160062.1-e0160062.13. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160062

Profiling persistent tubercule bacilli from patient sputa during therapy predicts early drug efficacy

Honeyborne, Isobella, McHugh, Timothy D., Kuittinen, Iitu, Cichonska, Anna, Evangelopoulos, Dimitrios, Ronacher, Katharina, van Helden, Paul D., Gillespie, Stephen H., Fernandez-Reyes, Delmiro, Walzl, Gerhard, Rousu, Juho, Butcher, Philip D. and Waddell, Simon J. (2016). Profiling persistent tubercule bacilli from patient sputa during therapy predicts early drug efficacy. BMC Medicine, 14 (1) 68, 68.1-68.13. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0609-3

The functional response of B cells to antigenic stimulation: a preliminary report of latent tuberculosis

Du Plessis, Willem J., Kleynhans, Léanie, Du Plessis, Nelita, Stanley, Kim, Malherbe, Stephanus T., Maasdorp, Elizna, Ronacher, Katharina , Chegou, Novel N., Walzl, Gerhard and Loxton, Andre G. (2016). The functional response of B cells to antigenic stimulation: a preliminary report of latent tuberculosis. PLoS One, 11 (4) e0152710, e0152710.1-e0152710.16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152710

Excessive cytolytic responses predict tuberculosis relapse after apparently successful treatment

Cliff, Jacqueline M., Cho, Jang-Eun, Lee, Ji-Sook, Ronacher, Katharina, King, Elizabeth C., van Helden, Paul, Walzl, Gerhard and Dockrell, Hazel M. (2016). Excessive cytolytic responses predict tuberculosis relapse after apparently successful treatment. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 213 (3), 485-495. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv447

Relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin-17 production and local T helper type 17 cells

Masson, Lindi, Salkinder, Amy L. , Olivier, Abraham Jacobus, Mckinnon, Lyle R. , Gamieldien, Hoyam, Mlisana, Koleka, Scriba, Thomas J. , Lewis, David A. , Little, Francesca, Jaspan, Heather B. , Ronacher, Katharina, Denny, Lynette, Abdool Karim, Salim S. and Passmore, Jo-Ann S. (2015). Relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin-17 production and local T helper type 17 cells. Immunology, 146 (4), 557-567. doi: 10.1111/imm.12527

Genital Inflammation and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women

Masson L., Passmore J.-A.S., Liebenberg L.J., Werner L., Baxter C., Arnold K.B., Williamson C., Little F., Mansoor L.E., Naranbhai V., Lauffenburger D.A., Ronacher K., Walzl G., Garrett N.J., Williams B.L., Couto-Rodriguez M., Hornig M., Lipkin W.I., Grobler A., Abdool Karim Q. and Abdool Karim S.S. (2015). Genital Inflammation and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61 (2), 260-269. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ298

Clinical immunology and multiplex biomarkers of human tuberculosis

Walzl, Gerhard, Haks, Mariëlle C., Joosten, Simone A., Kleynhans, Léanie, Ronacher, Katharina and Ottenhoff, Tom H. M. (2015). Clinical immunology and multiplex biomarkers of human tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5 (4) a018515. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018515

Acquired immunodeficiencies and tuberculosis: focus on HIV/AIDS and diabetes mellitus

Ronacher, Katharina, Joosten, Simone A., van Crevel, Reinout, Dockrell, Hazel M., Walzl, Gerhard and Ottenhoff, Tom H. M. (2015). Acquired immunodeficiencies and tuberculosis: focus on HIV/AIDS and diabetes mellitus. Immunological Reviews, 264 (1), 121-137. doi: 10.1111/imr.12257

Host immune response to tuberculous meningitis

Visser, Douwe H., Solomons, Regan S., Ronacher, Katharina, Van Well, Gijs T., Heymans, Martijn W., Walzl, Gerhard, Chegou, Novel N., Schoeman, Johan F. and Van Furth, Anne M. (2015). Host immune response to tuberculous meningitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60 (2), 177-187. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu781

Defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of HIV infection: A cross-sectional study

Masson, Lindi, Mlisana, Koleka, Little, Francesca, Werner, Lise, Mkhize, Nonhlanhla N., Ronacher, Katharina, Gamieldien, Hoyam, Williamson, Carolyn, McKinnon, Lyle R., Walzl, Gerhard, Karim, Quarraisha A., Karim, Salim S.A. and Passmore, Jo-Ann S. (2014). Defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of HIV infection: A cross-sectional study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 90 (8), 580-587. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051601

TANDEM: understanding diabetes and tuberculosis

van Crevel, Reinout, Dockrell, Hazel M., TANDEM Consortium and Ronacher, Katharina (2014). TANDEM: understanding diabetes and tuberculosis. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2 (4), 270-272. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70011-7

Distinct cytokine patterns in semen influence local HIV shedding and HIV target cell activation

Olivier, Abraham J., Masson, Linda, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard, Coetzee, David, Lewis, David A., Williamson, Anna-Lise., Passmore, Jo-Ann S. and Burgers, Wendy A. (2014). Distinct cytokine patterns in semen influence local HIV shedding and HIV target cell activation. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 209 (8), 1174-1184. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit649

Exploring alternative biomaterials for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients by use of the geneXpert MTB/RIF assay

Shenai, Shubhada, Amisano, Danielle, Ronacher, Katharina, Kriel, Magdalena, Banada, Padmapriya P., Song, Taeksun, Lee, Myungsun, Joh, Joon Sung, Winter, Jill, Thayer, Rich, Via, Laura E., Kim, Soyeon, Barry III, Clifton E., Walzl, Gerhard and Alland, David (2013). Exploring alternative biomaterials for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative patients by use of the geneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51 (12), 4161-4166. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01743-13

The contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate impairs mycobacterial control and inhibits cytokine secretion in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Kleynhans, Leanie, Du Plessis, Nelita, Allie, Nasiema, Jacobs, Muazzam, Kidd, Martin, van Helden, Paul D., Walzl, Gerhard and Ronacher, Katharina (2013). The contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate impairs mycobacterial control and inhibits cytokine secretion in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection and Immunity, 81 (4), 1234-1244. doi: 10.1128/IAI.01189-12

Distinct phases of blood gene expression pattern through tuberculosis treatment reflect modulation of the humoral immune response

Cliff, Jacqueline M., Lee, Ji-Sook, Constantinou, Nicholas, Cho, Jang-Eun, Clark, Taane G., Ronacher, Katharina, King, Elizabeth C., Lukey, Pauline T., Duncan, Ken, Van Helden, Paul D., Walzl, Gerhard and Dockrell, Hazel M. (2013). Distinct phases of blood gene expression pattern through tuberculosis treatment reflect modulation of the humoral immune response. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 207 (1), 18-29. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis499

Symptomatic vaginal discharge is a poor predictor of sexually transmitted infections and genital tract inflammation in high-risk women in South Africa

Mlisana, Koleka, Naicker, Nivashnee, Werner, Lise, Roberts, Lindi, Van Loggerenberg, Francois, Baxter, Cheryl, Passmore, Jo-Ann S., Grobler, Anneke C., Sturm, A.Willem, Williamson, Carolyn, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard and Abdool Karim, Salim S. (2012). Symptomatic vaginal discharge is a poor predictor of sexually transmitted infections and genital tract inflammation in high-risk women in South Africa. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 206 (1), 6-14. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis298

Effect of standard tuberculosis treatment on plasma cytokine levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis

Riou, Catherine, Perez Peixoto, Blas, Roberts, Lindi, Ronacher, Katharina, Walzl, Gerhard, Manca, Claudia, Rustomjee, Roxana, Mthiyane, Thuli, Fallows, Dorothy, Gray, Clive M. and Kaplan, Gilla (2012). Effect of standard tuberculosis treatment on plasma cytokine levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS One, 7 (5) e36886, 123-137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036886

Molecular bacterial load assay, a culture-free biomarker for rapid and accurate quantification of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillary load during treatment

Honeyborne, Isobella, McHugh, Timothy D., Phillips, Patrick P.J., Bannoo, Selina, Bateson, Anna, Carroll, Nora, Perrin, Felicity M., Ronacher, Katharina, Wright, Laura, Van Helden, Paul D., Walzl, Gerhard and Gillespie, Stephen H. (2011). Molecular bacterial load assay, a culture-free biomarker for rapid and accurate quantification of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillary load during treatment. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49 (11), 3905-3911. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00547-11

Medroxyprogesterone acetate alters mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of contraceptive users

Kleynhans, Le´anie, du Plessis, Nelita, Black, Gillian F., Loxton, Andre G., Kidd, Martin, van Helden, Paul D., Walzl, Gerhard and Ronacher, Katharina (2011). Medroxyprogesterone acetate alters mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of contraceptive users. Plos One, 6 (9) e24639, e24639. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024639

Immunological biomarkers of tuberculosis

Walzl, Gerhard, Ronacher, Katharina, Hanekom, Willem, Scriba, Thomas J. and Zumla, Alimuddin (2011). Immunological biomarkers of tuberculosis. Nature Reviews Immunology, 11 (5), 343-354. doi: 10.1038/nri2960

Role of ligand-dependent GR phosphorylation and half-life in determination of ligand-specific transcriptional activity

Avenant, Chanel, Ronacher, Katharina, Stubsrud, Elisabeth, Louw, Ann and Hapgood, Janet P. (2010). Role of ligand-dependent GR phosphorylation and half-life in determination of ligand-specific transcriptional activity. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 327 (1-2), 72-88. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.06.007

Ligand-selective transactivation and transrepression via the glucocorticoid receptor: Role of cofactor interaction

Ronacher, Katharina, Hadley, Katie, Avenant, Chanel, Stubsrud, Elisabeth, Simons Jr., S. Stoney, Louw, Ann and Hapgood, Janet P. (2009). Ligand-selective transactivation and transrepression via the glucocorticoid receptor: Role of cofactor interaction. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 299 (2), 219-231. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.008

Biomarkers for TB treatment response: Challenges and future strategies

Walzl, Gerhard, Ronacher, Katharina , Djoba Siawaya, Joel Fleury and Dockrell, Hazel M. (2008). Biomarkers for TB treatment response: Challenges and future strategies. Journal of Infection, 57 (2), 103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.06.007

Differential expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-4δ2 mRNA, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), TGF-βRII, Foxp3, gamma interferon, T-bet, or GATA-3 mRNA, in patients with fast and slow responses to antituberculosis treatment

Siawaya, Joel Fleury Djoba, Bapela, Nchinya Bennedict, Ronacher, Katharina, Beyers, Nulda, Van Helden, Paul and Walzl, Gerhard (2008). Differential expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-4δ2 mRNA, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), TGF-βRII, Foxp3, gamma interferon, T-bet, or GATA-3 mRNA, in patients with fast and slow responses to antituberculosis treatment. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 15 (8), 1165-1170. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00084-08

Immune parameters as markers of tuberculosis extent of disease and early prediction of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy response

Djoba Siawaya, Joel Fleury, Bapela, Nchinya Bennedict, Ronacher, Katharina, Veenstra, Hanne, Kidd, Martin, Gie, Robert, Beyers, Nulda, van Helden, Paul and Walzl, Gerhard (2008). Immune parameters as markers of tuberculosis extent of disease and early prediction of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy response. Journal of Infection, 56 (5), 340-347. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2008.02.007

Regulation of expression of mammalian gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor genes

Hapgood, J. P., Sadie, H., van Biljon, W. and Ronacher, K. (2005). Regulation of expression of mammalian gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor genes. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 17 (10), 619-638. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01353.x

Synthetic progestins used in HRT have different glucocorticoid agonist properties

Koubovec, Dominique, Ronacher, Katharina, Stubsrud, Elisabeth, Louw, Ann and Hapgood, Janet P. (2005). Synthetic progestins used in HRT have different glucocorticoid agonist properties. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 242 (1-2), 23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.07.001

Serine residues 338 and 339 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor are critical for β-arrestin- independent internalization

Ronacher, Katharina, Matsiliza, Nosisa, Nkwanyana, Nonhlanhla, Pawson, Adam J. , Adam, Tasneem, Flanagan, Colleen A. , Millar, Robert P. and Katz, Arieh A. (2004). Serine residues 338 and 339 in the carboxyl-terminal tail of the type II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor are critical for β-arrestin- independent internalization. Endocrinology, 145 (10), 4480-4488. doi: 10.1210/en.2004-0075

A cholesterol receptor regulates interferons and bacterial growth during M. tuberculosis infection

Gemiarto, Adrian T., Sinha, Roma, Sajiir, Haressh, Hailu, Semira, Bartlett, Stacey, Ngo, Minh Dao, Foo, Cheng Xiang, Kleynhans, Leanie, Tshivhula, Happy, Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, Schlesinger, Larry S., Walzl, Gerhard, Rosenkilde, Mette M., Mandrup-Poulsen, T and Ronacher, Katharina (2020). A cholesterol receptor regulates interferons and bacterial growth during M. tuberculosis infection. Keystone Symposia: Tuberculosis Immunity and Immune Evasion, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States, 16-21 January 2020.